Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Leukemia inhibitory factor drives glucose metabolic reprogramming to promote breast tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-04820-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Ectopic LIF expression (left panel) or treatment with rhLIF (right) enhanced lactate production of different breast cancer cell lines analyzed by measuring lactate levels in the medium using a lactate assay kit. B LIF neutralization antibody (LIF neu-ab) blocked the promoting effect of LIF on lactate production in MCF7, MDA-MB 231 and T47D cells. C Knockdown of endogenous LIF decreased lactate production in MDA-MB 231 cells. D , E Ectopic LIF expression enhanced glycolysis rates ( D ), whereas knockdown of endogenous LIF decreased glycolysis rates ( E ) in different breast cancer cell lines as calculated by ECAR measured by using a Seahorse analyzer. F The diagram of glycolysis. G – I The fold change of inter-metabolites in glycolysis resulted from ectopic LIF expression in MCF7 and MDA-MB 231 cells ( G ), rhLIF treatment in MCF7 cells ( H ) or LIF knockdown in MDA-MB 231 cells ( I ) as determined by LC/MS metabolomics analysis. J The fold change of inter-metabolites in glycolysis induced by ectopic LIF expression in MCF7 xenograft tumors determined by LC/MS metabolomics analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3/group). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; unpaired Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: LIF neutralization antibody (AF-250-NA) was purchased from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Expressing, Lactate Assay, Neutralization, Knockdown, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Leukemia inhibitory factor drives glucose metabolic reprogramming to promote breast tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-04820-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Glut1 mRNA levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in MCF7, MDA-MB 231, and T47D cells with or without ectopic LIF expression. B , C Ectopic LIF expression ( B ) or rhLIF treatment (100 ng/ml for 12 h) ( C ) promoted endogenous Glut1 PM translocation in MCF7, MDA-MB 231, and T47D cells as determined by Western-blot assays. D Knockdown of LIF decreased endogenous Glut1 PM translocation in MDA-MB 231 cells. E Ectopic LIF expression increased the PM translocation of ectopically expressed Myc-Glut1 in MCF7, MDA-MB 231 and T47D cells as determined by Western-blot assays. F LIF neutralization antibody (LIF neu-ab) largely abolished exogenous Glut1 PM translocation promoted by LIF. G The rhLIF treatment promoted exogenous Glut1 PM translocation in cells. H Knockdown of LIF decreased Myc-Glut1 PM translocation in MDA-MB 231 cells. I Ectopic LIF expression promoted Myc-Glut1 PM translocation (left panels) while knockdown of LIF decreased Myc-Glut1 PM translocation (right panels) in MDA-MB 231 cells as determined by IF staining assays. Scale bar, 10 μm. J Ectopic LIF expression promoted the PM translocation of Myc-Glut1 in MCF7, MDA-MB 231, and T47D cells as determined by flow cytometry assays. Left panels: representative images of flow cytometry analysis. Right panels: quantifications of relative fluorescence intensity of Myc-Glut1 on the cell membrane normalized with total Myc-Glut1 fluorescence intensity in cells. In A , J data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 3/group. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; NS: non-significant; unpaired Student’s t -test. Uncropped Wes t ern-blot images are shown in Supplementary Fig .

Article Snippet: LIF neutralization antibody (AF-250-NA) was purchased from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Translocation Assay, Western Blot, Knockdown, Neutralization, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Membrane

Journal: Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)

Article Title: Identification of genes regulated by leukemia-inhibitory factor in the mouse uterus at the time of implantation.

doi: 10.1210/me.2004-0110

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Regulation of Uterine IGFBP3 mRNA Expression by LIF Recombinant LIF was injected into one horn and PBS into the other horn of LIF/ females at 84 h of pseudopregnancy (n 10). IGFBP3 mRNA expression levels were determined in total uterine RNA isolated 12 h later by real-time RT-PCR. Values for IGFBP3 are normalized to 18S rRNA for each horn and expressed in arbitrary units relative to the level of the same gene in a standard RNA produced from mouse uterus. LIF treatment (solid bars) produced increased IGFBP3 expression in nine of 10 animals compared with the paired PBS-treated uterine horn (open bars). The mean increase was 2.3-fold and was statistically significant (P 0.02, paired Mann-Whitney).

Article Snippet: Two ip injections each of 5 g recombinant human LIF (R&D systems 250-LF) in PBS were given at 0900 h and 1600 h on d 4 of pregnancy, and the animals were allowed to proceed to term.

Techniques: Expressing, Recombinant, Injection, Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Produced, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)

Article Title: Identification of genes regulated by leukemia-inhibitory factor in the mouse uterus at the time of implantation.

doi: 10.1210/me.2004-0110

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. LIF Regulation of Amphiregulin and IRG1 in the Uterus Recombinant LIF was injected into one horn and PBS into the other horn of LIF/ females at 84 h of pseudopreg- nancy (n 10, same animals as shown in Fig. 1). Amphiregu- lin and IRG1 mRNA expression levels were determined in total uterine RNA isolated 12 h later by real-time RT-PCR. Values for each mRNA species are normalized to 18S rRNA for each horn and expressed in arbitrary units relative to the level of the same gene in a standard RNA produced from mouse uterus. LIF treatment (solid bars) increased both am- phiregulin and IRG1 expression in 10 of 10 animals compared with the corresponding PBS-treated horn (open bars). The mean increase for amphiregulin was 7.3-fold and for IRG1 was 3.7-fold and was statistically significant for either gene (P 0.002, paired Mann-Whitney test).

Article Snippet: Two ip injections each of 5 g recombinant human LIF (R&D systems 250-LF) in PBS were given at 0900 h and 1600 h on d 4 of pregnancy, and the animals were allowed to proceed to term.

Techniques: Recombinant, Injection, Expressing, Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Produced, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Expression and effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on nucleus pulposus degeneration

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9874

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression of aggrecan and COL2α1 in human nucleus pulposus cells stimulated with various concentrations of LIF at different durations. (A and B) Aggrecan and COL2α1 protein expression in human nucleus pulposus cells treated with various concentrations of recombinant human LIF protein. (C and D) Protein expression levels of aggrecan and COL2α1 in human nucleus pulposus cells treated with 100 ng/ml recombinant human LIF protein for various durations. (E) Toluidine blue staining following treatment of human nucleus pulposus cells with 0 or 100 ng/ml recombinant human LIF protein for 48 h. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation. *P<0.05. COL2α1, collagen type II α1; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human LIF Protein was purchased from Novus Biologicals, LLC (Littleton, CO, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Recombinant, Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Expression and effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on nucleus pulposus degeneration

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9874

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of LIF on the proliferation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells. (A and B) Apoptotic rate of human nucleus pulposus cells treated with various concentrations of recombinant human LIF. (C) Proliferation of human nucleus pulposus cells treated with various concentrations of recombinant human LIF. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation. *P<0.05. FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; OD, optical density.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human LIF Protein was purchased from Novus Biologicals, LLC (Littleton, CO, USA).

Techniques: Recombinant, Standard Deviation